Bioengineering & Translational Medicine

Stereotactic needle-based delivery remains the standard for local administration of Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products (ATMPs) to the human brain. ATMP administration typically involves multiple trajectories, presenting cumulative risks and prolonging surgery. Reflux-prone, patchy therapy coverage compromises clinical results. We demonstrate a novel approach, deploying a helical delivery catheter via a single access trajectory per target, referred to as SpiraMed. Helix retraction is synchronised with therapy delivery, enabling comprehensive target coverage in seconds. Helix pitch and diameter can be precisely tailored to patient-specific target volume and vascular anatomy, as part of the preoperative stereotactic surgical planning process. Testing in agarose phantoms, live sheep and cadaveric human brain confirms enhanced therapy delivery volume, delivery speed and target coverage, with reductions in reflux and predicted risk of bleeding complication. SpiraMed represents a new paradigm, promising to help deliver on the transformative potential of cell and gene therapies across the spectrum of human CNS disease.

A major challenge in vascular tissue engineering is the development of scalable fabrication methods capable of producing vascular grafts with suitable mechanical properties and hemocompatibility for both preclinical evaluation and future clinical translation. Using a recently developed method to generate acellular vascular grafts from densified collagen hydrogel, we present a proof-of-concept in vivo evaluation of the scalable collagen graft technology. Thick-walled, genipin-crosslinked grafts, representative of a fabrication approach applicable to clinically relevant vessel sizes, were implanted as interposition grafts in the rat abdominal aorta. These grafts supported rapid neointima formation and re-endothelialisation of the luminal surface but developed late thrombosis, highlighting the challenges of evaluating clinically scalable grafts in small-animal models. To enable assessment of the platform in millimetre-scale vessels, we developed a thin-walled (~100 {micro}m), non-crosslinked graft using a constrained densification approach and hyaluronic acid-mediated modulation of collagen fibril assembly to improve compliance matching and hemocompatibility, with the latter providing a matrix-level approach that may complement surface-bound antithrombotic coatings. These grafts remained patent for up to 17 weeks and exhibited neointima formation, re-endothelialisation, and early cellular infiltration into the graft wall. Together, these findings demonstrate in vivo functionality of densified collagen vascular grafts and establish a foundation for future evaluation in larger animal models.

Lymphatic endothelial cell (LEC) function is strongly tied to transitions between button- and zipper-like junctions that control fluid flow into vessels. Published methods quantifying junction morphology are limited to single cell analysis or use few quantitative metrics to describe junctions across LEC monolayers. Therefore, a novel 3-step image analysis pipeline was developed to identify new metrics that quantify differences in button- and zipper-like junctions in LECs. The pipeline used Cellpose, CellProfiler, and Fiji to analyze VE-cadherin expression across lymphatic vessels within a 3D microfluidic chip and quantify VE-cadherin radial intensity, number of objects, object size, branchpoints, end-points, and junction thickness. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)- exposure produced but-ton-like junctions, and unexposed cells were zippered. Radial intensity was heightened at the cell membrane in zipper-like junctions while perinuclear intensity increased for but-ton-like junctions. Increased branchpoints, endpoints, objects per cell, and junction thick-ness were associated with junction buttoning, while increased object size was associated with junction zippering. Principle component analysis results reinforced these trends and identified metric combinations that represented each junctional state. Overall, this semi-automated pipeline quantified differences in VE-cadherin junction morphology across LEC monolayers and generated new quantitative metrics to expand the tools available for studying junction morphology in lymphatic vasculature.

Trans-arterial radioembolization using yttrium-90 (Y-90) microspheres treats unresectable liver cancer with radiation. The tumor-to-parenchyma dose ratio is mainly governed by the patient-specific hepatic arterial flow distribution, which transports the microspheres. Even though computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation can predict this flow distribution, its high computational cost and time limit intraprocedural application. To overcome this computational limitation, a physics-informed neural network (PINN) surrogate was developed to provide rapid predictions of flow distribution in a patient-specific hepatic artery model. The surrogate maps spatial coordinates to the velocity vector U with Cartesian components u, v, w and the static pressure p. Reference velocity and pressure fields came from a converged finite-element CFD solve of the same geometry at about 1.05 x 105 nodes; a controlled fraction was used to supervise the training while the remainder was held out for validation. Using the NVIDIA PhysicsNeMo framework, we compared four coordinate networks (MLP, Modified Fourier, Multi-Scale Fourier and SIREN) under soft and hard inlet enforcement across a supervised data sweep (data fraction df = 0 to 0.20) and repeated df = 0.20 at a matched 300,000-step budget. Predicted flow splits were propagated through an established Y-90 dose-kernel pipeline. Accuracy is governed primarily by the supervised-data fraction, not the architecture: at df [≥] 0.10 the backbones agree to within one to two R2 points, and R2(u) rises from {approx} 0 under pure physics (df = 0) to {approx} 0.95 by df = 0.01 for the best backbones, saturating near 0.97 to 0.99 by df = 0.20. At a matched 300,000-step budget the Multi-Scale Fourier network leads (R2(u) = 0.978) ahead of SIREN (R2(u) = 0.976) and the MLP (R2(u) = 0.968); the best value seen (R2(u) = 0.985, Modified Fourier) needed 1.8 times that budget. On the df = 0.20 checkpoint the per-outlet flow split matches CFD (r = 0.999, L1 = 4.4 percentage points) and the derived dosimetry agrees to within 2.4% for perfused volume, mean dose and every isodose volume. At df = 0 training collapses toward the trivial near-zero state, which satisfies continuity, momentum and the zero-pressure outlets exactly and is ruled out only by the inlet and data terms; this, not architecture choice, is the limiting failure mode. Once trained, the network evaluates the full 105,284-node field in about 2 s on a four-core CPU. The supervised-data fraction, with a practical floor between df = 0.05 and 0.10, is the primary design lever for such hepatic-arterial PINN surrogates.

Nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel (Abraxane) was among the first clinically approved nanomedicines and is a first-line chemotherapeutic. It enhances therapeutic efficacy and reduces side effects of paclitaxel. Despite its extensive clinical use, mechanisms of Abraxane's therapeutic effects are the subject of ongoing study. This work posits a new mechanism for Abraxane's effects in lung cancers and metastasis. Tracing the albumin component of Abraxane with radioisotopes or fluorophores, we find that Abraxane homes to the lungs. Abraxane's lung tropism is elevated by inflammation and is eliminated in complement protein C3 knockout mice, showing that complement pathway drives the uptake. Flow cytometry and histology show that neutrophils are the dominant cell type taking up Abraxane in the lungs. We demonstrate Abraxane's tropism to pulmonary neutrophils in mice and in human donor lungs. We note previously undocumented side effects associated with Abraxane's lung tropism, including pro-thrombotic and pro-inflammatory responses in acute lung inflammation. We show that Abraxane's efficacy against lung metastases is affected when lung uptake is eliminated by C3 knockout. Our results provide insight into why Abraxane is effective in lung cancer and metastases. These findings may be used to improve outcomes in patients receiving Abraxane and help design next-generation cancer nanomedicines.

Our prior works have demonstrated the therapeutic potential extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from batch cultures of brain endothelial cells (BECs) owing to their ability to transfer mitochondria to injured recipient cells. However, conventional batch/flask cultures limit scalable and reproducible production of EVs. Here, we evaluated a CELLine AD1000 bioreactor as a platform for sustained production of EVs from mouse b.End3 BECs and compared bioreactor-derived (BR) EVs with EVs obtained conventional batch cultures (BT). Large EVs (lEVs) and small (sEVs) were isolated using a sequential centrifugation protocol and were characterized using dynamic light scattering, nanoparticle tracking analysis, microBCA assay, western blotting, proteomics analysis, and their ability to rescue bioenergetics in oxygen-glucose deprived (OGD) BECs. Bioreactor cultures maintained high cell viabilities (~90%) for up to eight weeks and produced approximately three- to four-fold greater EV protein yields than batch cultures. BR EVs showed reproducible particle characteristics consistent with EV subtypes derived from BT cultures. CD63, CD9 and Arf6 were detected in EV fractions, whereas the mitochondrial outer-membrane protein TOMM20 was enriched in lEVs. Proteomic analyses revealed that bioreactor-derived lEVs retained the mitochondrial cargo signature observed in batch-derived lEVs. Both bioreactor and batch EVs restored relative ATP levels in ODG-exposed BECs. These findings suggest that bioreactor BEC cultures are a scalable approach for generating functionally active BEC-EVs for downstream characterization and therapeutic development.

Influenza A virus (IAV) defective interfering particles (DIPs) are regarded as promising broad-spectrum antivirals due to their high efficacy demonstrated in animal trials. Previously, an OP7 chimera DIP was generated that showed markedly enhanced antiviral efficacy compared to conventional IAV DIPs. In addition, a high-yield cell culture-based production process for OP7 chimera DIPs was established in perfusion mode. However, due to the technical complexity of this technology, we aimed to combine the advantages of perfusion in terms of yield with that of a simple and less complex batch process. In the present work, we established a fed-batch production process for OP7 chimera DIPs that allows a more straightforward implementation into existing production facilities. Using a feeding regime that was able to overcome the cell density effect, we achieved productive virus infection in stirred tank reactors until a cell density of 10E+6 cells/mL. Furthermore, we obtained a high virus titer of 3.8 log10(HAU/100 uL), corresponding to a 3.4-fold increase compared to a reference batch production. Moreover, the produced material demonstrated a significantly increased interfering bioactivity shown by an in vitro potency assay. Interestingly, this efficacy was similarly high as compared to OP7 chimera DIP material previously produced in perfusion mode, despite twofold lower virus titers. Finally, we demonstrate robustness of OP7 chimera DIP seed virus trains, which is significant step towards later pharmaceutical production. Further, corresponding GMP MDCK-PB2(sus) cell and OP7 chimera virus banks are now available for later biomanufacturing further use. In conclusion, the established fed-batch process offers a valid n additional option for pharmaceutical grade OP7 chimera DIP GMP manufacturing production under GMP conditions required for subsequent clinical testing and for later large-scale manufacturing.

Engineered cardiac and skeletal muscle tissues suspended between flexible posts support disease modeling and pharmacology, yet their stimulation, longitudinal imaging and quantitative analysis often remain fragmented and labor-intensive. Here we present Stimulatrix, an open-source platform integrating automated video acquisition within a cell culture incubator, synchronized electrical stimulation and deep learning for longitudinal assessment of contractile tissues in multiwell plates. The platform quantifies tissue compaction, force generation and contraction kinetics with optional cloud processing reducing dependence on local GPU hardware. We demonstrate the workflow in cardiac tissues comprising human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts, and in primary human skeletal muscle constructs. Force and kinetic measurements were benchmarked against manual annotations. Longitudinal profiling resolved responses to matrix composition and pacing regimens and tracked doxorubicin-associated loss of cardiac contractile force. Stimulatrix provides an accessible workflow for automated functional phenotyping of engineered muscle tissues.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by a dense desmoplastic microenvironment that promotes therapeutic resistance and disease progression. Here, we investigated the impact of pulsed field ablation (PFA), a non-thermal electroporation-based therapy, on tumor and stromal remodeling in a syngeneic murine PDAC model. PFA induced rapid apoptotic and necrotic tumor cell death, transient neutrophil infiltration, and durable suppression of tumor growth. Single-cell RNA sequencing following repeated PFA treatments revealed enrichment of a classical secretory tumor cell state associated with complement and stress-response pathways and reduced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) programs. Although overall immune composition was largely unchanged, PFA markedly remodeled the stromal compartment, decreasing SMA-positive activation and shifting cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) from tumor-promoting myofibroblastic CAFs toward Dpp4+ complement-secreting CAFs. This transition was accompanied by increased IL-1 signaling potential, reduced Tgfb1 expression, and diminished tumor cell TGF-{beta} response signatures. Serial PFA treatments further suppressed EMT-associated programs, identifying stromal reprogramming as a potential mechanism through which PFA enhances tumor control.

Tissue expansion is an established technique for the reconstruction of skin defects, but the cost of conventional silicone expanders may limit its application in contexts with lower resource availability. This study evaluated, in an experimental model, whether a container for storing saline solution could act as a low-cost alternative device for tissue expansion. An experimental, prospective, controlled and randomized study was carried out with 10 Wistar rats, distributed in two groups: conventional silicone expander and saline storage container. Both underwent the same surgical and expansion protocol. Abdominal circumference gain, final expanded skin length, histological and histomorphometric aspects of the skin, including collagen types I and III, as well as exploratory cost analysis, were analyzed. The conventional expander produced a greater gain in abdominal circumference, but the final length of the expanded skin was similar between the groups. Microscopic evaluation showed preservation of the cutaneous architecture, intact epidermis, cellularized dermis, and collagen deposition in both groups. There was no significant difference in the proportion of type I or type III collagen. The saline solution container had a substantially lower cost per centimeter of expanded skin than the conventional expander. These findings suggest that the saline container can produce experimental skin expansion with final length and collagen composition similar to the conventional method, at a lower cost, although additional studies are needed before clinical application.

Gas-bubble-enhanced focused ultrasound (FUSGB) is advancing clinically across a myriad of applications, including targeted drug delivery through transient blood-brain barrier opening (BBBO). Its broader translation requires a better understanding of the bioeffects that enable reproducible enhancement of barrier permeability while avoiding vascular injury, underscoring the need to clarify the relationship between acoustic exposure, bubble activity, and the biological response central to treatment optimization. These interactions are difficult to isolate in vivo, and acoustic reflections, geometry, and field distortion in conventional cultureware hinder quantitative in vitro studies. Herein, we present a theoretically and experimentally characterized ultrasound-transparent organ-on-chip device with >99.9% US transparency that enables quantitative in vitro modeling of the FUSGB procedure and study of BBBO. Furthermore, submicron bubbles (sMB, ~800nm) were fabricated and characterized. Acoustic dose-dependent subharmonic and broadband cavitation dose curves (SCD and BCD), as well as temporal responses, were studied. A 3-day accelerated Caco--2 surrogate barrier with a high TEER (~1200xcm2) was used to demonstrate US dose-dependent targeted barrier opening, visualized using an in vitro Evans Blue assay. Together, this study and its findings establish a foundation for quantitative in vitro modeling of FUS BBBO, as well as other US interactions in microphysiological systems, supporting systematic evaluation of procedural regimens, large-parameter-space optimization, acoustic safety window, and exposure conditions for brain drug delivery, and additionally enabling mechanistic insight into FUSGB BBBO.

A densely vascularized tissue can still be starved of oxygen. Tissue oxygenation depends heavily on vessel arrangement, blood flow distributions, and cellular metabolism. Resolving these effects from individual constituent vessels to whole organs has historically been computationally prohibitive. We introduce the Cardiovascular Analysis and Simulation of Circulatory Advection, Diffusion, and Exchange (CASCADE) toolkit, which makes vessel-resolved oxygen transport tractable at the organ scale through a novel screened Green's-function formulation. On laptop-class hardware, CASCADE simulates networks containing thousands of vessels in under one second and a full biventricular human heart model in about two minutes. We validate spatial oxygen and cell-survival predictions against experiments in perfused engineered tissues and matched finite-element simulations. In engineered tissues, sweeps across thousands of network designs and physiological conditions reveal when vessel density, oxygen supply, or network architecture limits viability, establishing design rules for sustaining thick constructs. In a human heart model, CASCADE translates coronary occlusion, anemia, polycythemia, and hypoxemia into distinct myocardial oxygenation patterns, revealing where oxygen delivery fails and how much tissue is at risk.

The ability to generate vascularized tissue constructs supplied by surgically accessible vessels remains a major limitation in reconstructive tissue engineering. Previous work demonstrated that positioning porous biomaterials around a vein can induce extensive vascular sprouting and generate a vascularized tissue volume without creation of an arteriovenous loop. However, this phenomenon has principally been demonstrated using rigid calcium-phosphate scaffolds, limiting its direct relevance to soft-tissue reconstruction. Here, we investigated whether a flexible decellularized dermal matrix could similarly be vascularized around a single unmodified vein and whether autologous dermal fibroblasts could further enhance this response. Decellularized rat dermis, with or without autologous dermal fibroblast seeding, was implanted either subcutaneously in the dorsal region or around the femoral vein for 8 weeks. Following Microfil perfusion, three-dimensional micro-CT demonstrated an extensive branching vascular network within perivenous constructs. Vessel volume relative to tissue volume was 0.2 +/- 0.1% in subcutaneous constructs without fibroblasts (n = 11) and 0.6 +/- 0.2% with fibroblasts (n = 9), compared with 6.+/- 1.4 % in perivenous constructs without fibroblasts (n = 10) and 7.3+/- 1.2% with fibroblasts (n = 10). Histology and immunohistochemistry similarly showed greater cellular repopulation and substantially higher CD31- and -SMA-positive vessel densities following perivenous implantation. Integrated two-way ANOVA of the same 8-week data confirmed a dominant effect of implantation site across the vascular outcomes, while fibroblast seeding significantly affected vascular volume, dermal remodeling, and nuclear density. The effect of fibroblast seeding on vascular volume was site dependent, with a significant implantation site fibroblast interaction. At 8 weeks, the vascularized dermal construct was completely dissected free from the surrounding tissues while maintaining its connection to the femoral vein. A small superficial incision into the isolated dermis produced visible bleeding, supporting an acute functional connection of the intradermal vascular network to the host circulation while the femoral venous connection was preserved. After flap elevation, perivenous constructs retained substantially greater vascular volume and showed more complete surface healing and organized skin architecture than subcutaneous constructs. Fibroblast seeding accelerated wound closure, while its effect on post-elevation vascular volume depended on implantation site: VV/TV decreased in subcutaneous constructs but increased in perivenous constructs. These findings show that single-vein vascularization can extend from rigid calcium-phosphate biomaterials to a compliant biological extracellular-matrix scaffold and may provide a simplified axial vascularization strategy without arterialization or incorporation of an arterial vessel.

Directed evolution enables the discovery of protein mutants with improved fitness through iterative rounds of selection and has been widely applied to adeno-associated virus (AAV) capsid engineering. Machine learning (ML) can augment this process by prioritising mutants for experimental validation, but whether its benefits outweigh the added cost of ML-designed library construction remains unclear. Here, we address this question by considering improvements in manufacturing efficiency of AAV capsids in the context of exosomal encapsulation, which is a technique for improving AAV immunogenicity. We generated a directed evolution dataset comprising 53,974 mutants across three rounds of selection and an independent assessment dataset of 472 ML-designed mutants with detailed profiling. Directed evolution alone yielded a 3-fold improvement, while ML-assisted directed evolution yielded a 41-fold improvement in manufacturing efficiency, demonstrating that ML-assisted directed evolution outperforms directed evolution alone. We show that data quality - specifically the number of selection rounds and the statistical power of mutant counts - has a greater impact on model performance than model architecture. Finally, we provide practical guidance on experimental design and implementation of ML tuning strategies that can augment model performance in protein engineering applications.

The cornea is the outermost layer of the eye, most vulnerable to injury including from chemical exposure, either environmental, industrial or chemical weapons. For example, exposure of the eye to sulfur mustard (SM) can cause mustard gas keratopathy, resulting in devastating consequences for vision. Available treatments for corneal mustard keratopathy are either ineffective, or if used for a prolonged time, have deleterious side effects. Here, we aimed to harness the anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic peptide angiotensin-(1-7), known as Ang-(1-7), that is derived from the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). We designed and developed a protein-like polymer (PLP) displaying a brush of norleucine modified Ang (1-7) peptides (NLE Ang (1-7) PLP), which is a more potent derivative of Ang-(1-7), for administration as an eye drop. In a mouse model of nitrogen mustard (NM)-induced corneal injury, topical treatment and intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of NLE Ang (1-7) PLP persistently minimized: (i) corneal haze; (ii) edema; (iii), expression of pro-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic genes; and (iv) neovascularization and conjunctivalization as evidenced after a prolonged treatment and recovery period. Collectively, our observations have demonstrated the efficacy of this novel polymer proteomimetic based eye drop treatment in reducing chemical agent-induced corneal injury as well as indicating its potential application in other ocular surface diseases associated with inflammation and angiogenesis.

Organ-on-chip (OoC) systems are increasingly used to generate human-relevant evidence in drug discovery and preclinical development, yet interpretation can be limited by the interaction of biological variability, device-to-device variability, and technical assay noise. Here, we describe the UstarFlowAI barrier-confidence framework, an in silico assay-readiness approach that quantifies whether a predefined permeability-related effect is resolvable under specified uncertainty. The proposed context of use is decision support for laminar, low-Reynolds-number airway epithelial monolayer barrier OoC assays in which device fabrication, pump performance, flow, wall shear stress, and biological fluctuation may affect permeability-related readouts. Monte Carlo simulations propagate defined manufacturing, biological, systemic, and well-level uncertainty and estimate the minimum detectable shift (MDS) under a prespecified decision rule. In the present proof-of-concept design, the reference workflow was parameterized at 9.4% technical coefficient of variation (CV), whereas the standardized workflow was parameterized at 5.0% CV, corresponding to an approximately 46.8% reduction in the modeled technical-noise component. At n = 48 replicate wells per group and a nominal total assay-noise operating point of 17% CV, a predefined 10% permeability shift exceeded the upper MDS uncertainty bound for the standardized workflow in both best- and worst-case scenarios, whereas it overlapped the 95% MDS interval for the reference workflow and therefore did not meet the prespecified PASS criterion. These findings demonstrate the behavior of the computational framework under the stated assumptions; they do not constitute experimental validation, regulatory qualification, or evidence that a 10% shift is universally meaningful across barrier OoC systems. We therefore propose a prospective wet-lab validation strategy in which model predictions are tested against airway barrier measurements generated under controlled sources of technical and biological variability. The framework is intended to complement, rather than replace, the underlying biological model by making assay uncertainty and decision thresholds explicit and auditable.

Cell fusion enables cell-based applications, yet systematic optimization remains constrained by low throughput (microfluidic devices) and manual operation (bulk protocols). Here, an automated microfluidic platform is presented for cell pairing and chemical fusion at a statistically relevant scale. High throughput is achieved by arranging ~350,000 deformability-based cell traps as concentric circular arrays in a radial chip. Using tumor and dendritic cells as a model for cancer vaccine, the device reproducibly co-occupies ~75% of traps (~250,000) of which ~140,000 hold exactly one cell of each type. This exceeds the yield of previously reported in hydrodynamic pairing arrays by more than an order of magnitude. A concentration step-up-and-down PEG profile yielded a fusion efficiency of ~20% (range 17.7-23.4%, n =3) at viability above 90% that results in producing at least ~50,000 hybrids per chip. This efficiency is comparable to that reported for PEG-based fusion in small-scale microfluidic devices but obtained at higher throughput and approximately four-fold higher than the conventional benchtop protocol. Fusion efficiencies were quantified by image analysis and validated by flow cytometry. By combining automation, large-area circular trap arrays and reagent control, the platform is useful for data-rich optimization of cell engineering processes previously constrained by limited microfluidic throughput.

The human pancreas secretes digestive fluid that flows through an extensive ductal network before emptying into the duodenum. However, little is known about how hydrodynamic forces influence pancreatic function and development. We hypothesized that pancreatic cells respond to physiological levels of fluid shear stress. In this study, we developed a microfluidic system featuring reversible sealing between the device layer and the cell culture substrate, enabling (1) conventional open-well cell culture prior to fluid shear stress application and (2) selective patterning of proteins and cells for migration studies. Channel dimensions were chosen to support 24-hour perfusion using standard syringe pumps. Using this platform, we investigated effects of physiological shear stress levels representing basal and activated pancreatic function (2, 8 and 33 mPa) on human iPSC-derived pancreatic progenitor cells. Pancreatic progenitor cells exhibit graded sensitivity to shear stress at the transcriptomic level. Specifically, shear stress upregulated expression of cell cycle-related gene sets; endocrine-associated genes including NEUROG3; and Notch receptor ligands (DLL1, DLL3) in a magnitude-dependent manner. The exposure to unidirectional fluid flow also resulted in a reduction in YAP1 protein content, decreased WWTR1 gene expression, and downregulation of YAP/TAZ target genes. Furthermore, barrier-based migration assays under shear stress revealed that cell patches expanded their boundaries both along and against the flow, with greater distance in the direction of flow. Our system and findings may help lay the foundation for understanding biophysical regulation of developmental processes in a physiologically important, yet hard-to-access, epithelial model system.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells are patient-derived T cells engineered to recognize specific antigens on malignant cells, representing a major breakthrough in personalized cancer immunotherapy. While CAR-T cell therapy is an established treatment for relapsed or refractory hematologic malignancies, understanding the rationale and methodology behind its development is essential for training the next generation of oncology researchers. Here, we describe a novel, hands-on small-enrollment laboratory course designed to teach upper-level undergraduate and graduate students about immunotherapies and CAR-T cell technology by paralleling a typical bench-scale development process. Students isolated T cells from porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) via immunomagnetic selection, followed by flow cytometry to assess purity, viability, and yield. Students then used pre-engineered B7H3 CAR-T cells to perform co-culture assays with U87 glioblastoma cells to evaluate tumor cell killing efficacy. Cytotoxicity was qualitatively evaluated using immunofluorescence microscopy, while IFN-gamma release was quantified using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Student performance was evaluated through electronic laboratory notebooks, discussion questions, a capstone project, and student-generated data. Our results demonstrate students high academic performance across assignments and the successful execution of complex laboratory workflows. Collectively, these findings establish the feasibility and implementation of a research-integrated curriculum providing foundational exposure to immuno-oncology research tools and CAR-T cell production techniques.

Point-of-care (POC) molecular detection has enabled rapid and accessible testing at or near the site of need, facilitating timely decision-making in clinical, field, and industrial settings. Despite these advancements, molecular detection platforms remain limited in their ability to prepare DNA from complex tissue matrices, restricting their applicability to a narrow range of sample types. To address sample preparation inefficiencies, focused ultrasound extraction (FUSE) has been developed for the rapid release of DNA from robust tissue matrices. FUSE disintegrates target tissue and releases DNA by delivering high pressure ultrasound pulses that generate a cavitation bubble cloud. In prior work, FUSE was performed using large, laboratory-based equipment. Here, a miniaturized FUSE device was designed and tested to enable POC DNA sample preparation. Design constraints were defined based on prior FUSE experiments, and based on these metrics, a 750 kHz cylindrical transducer was fabricated. The pressure output was measured, and high-speed optical imaging demonstrated that the transducer generated sustained cavitation within the defined focal region. The feasibility of DNA extraction from piscine and timber tissues was evaluated, and results show that the device can release DNA with quality suitable for PCR-based detection from both tissue types. These results demonstrate the potential of this device to rapidly extract DNA from complex samples and expand the applicability of molecular detection platforms.